> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.nomad.xyz/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.nomad.xyz/the-nomad-protocol/security/attack-vectors.md). # Attack Vectors Given that interoperability protocols and bridges have been targeted by sophisticated black-hat hackers (including state-sponsored actors), it is imperative that we have an understanding of the most common ways these protocols have been targeted. After going through the most recent exploits and vulnerabilities, we've grouped the attack vectors into three large buckets: * [**Key compromise**](/the-nomad-protocol/security/attack-vectors/key-compromise.md) via server exploits and basic phishing attacks * [**Economic attacks**](/the-nomad-protocol/security/attack-vectors/economic-attacks.md), including [Sybil attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybil_attack) on validator sets * [**Smart contract bugs**](/the-nomad-protocol/security/attack-vectors/smart-contract-bugs.md) and code quality vulnerabilities Each of these considerations warrants its own discussion, and will be covered in the following sections. We will also discuss how the Nomad system architecture and the Nomad core team operating processes helps reduce risks on each of these fronts. --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter: ``` GET https://docs.nomad.xyz/the-nomad-protocol/security/attack-vectors.md?ask=&goal= ``` `ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. `goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.